5.3: Gramática- Los posesivos (2024)

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    171444
    • 5.3: Gramática- Los posesivos (1)
    • Erica Brown, Alejandra Escudero, María Cristina Montoya, & Elizabeth Small
    • SUNY Oneonta via OER SUNY

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    Los posesivos

    In this section we’ll learn about possessive adjectives, which are used to describe to whom or to what something belongs. These forms are similar to English, for example:Mi hermana es pelirroja(My sister is a redhead). Bothmi/my here indicate that the sister belongs to me. However, in Spanish there are also plural forms if I have more than one of the thing, for example:Mis hermanos son inteligentes(My brothers are intelligent). And there are masculine and feminine forms fornuestro/nuestra(our) andvuestro/vuestra(your –vosotros). Remember when we learned about masculine and feminine nouns and their articles and adjectives? When learning Spanish as a second language, it is important to practice this feature and make sure the nouns and their articles and adjectives are matching.

    Objetivos

    • Recognize possession indicated by possessive adjectives

    Mi familia inmediata

    Juanita Sánchez escribe un párrafo sobre su familia inmediata. Después de leer el texto, contesta las preguntas. (Juanita Sánchez writes a paragraph about her immediate family. After reading her text, answer the questions that follow.)

    Juanita Sánchez
    8.4.2019

    Primero, tengo una familia muy grande. En mi casa, yo vivo con mis padres, mis hermanos y mi abuela. No parece tan grande, pero tengo cinco hermanos. Todos mis hermanos son mayores, y yo soy la hermana menor. Mi hermano mayor se llama Juan y su esposa vive en la casa también. Además, ellos tienen dos hijos, mis sobrinos. Sus hijos se llaman Pablo y Juan. Además, mi familia tiene dos mascotas: nuestro perro, que se llama Ricky y nuestra tortuga, que se llama Margarita. Entre todas las personas en mi familia, mi persona favorita es mi abuela. Ella cocina para todos y su comida es deliciosa. Aunque mi abuela es mi persona favorita, mi familia es muy importante en mi vida. ¿Tienes una persona favorita en tu familia?

    Preguntas de análisis:

    Actividad \(\PageIndex{A}\)

    Text-only version

    Juanita Sánchez
    8.4.2019


    Primero, tengo una familia muy grande. En mi casa, yo vivo con mis padres, mis hermanos y mi abuela. No parece tan grande, pero tengo cinco hermanos. Todos mis hermanos son mayores, y yo soy la hermana menor. Mi hermano mayor se llama Juan y su esposa vive en la casa también. Además, ellos tienen dos hijos, mis sobrinos. Sus hijos se llaman Pablo y Juan. Además, mi familia tiene dos mascotas: nuestro perro, que se llama Ricky y nuestra tortuga, que se llama Margarita. Entre todas las personas en mi familia, mi persona favorita es mi abuela. Ella cocina para todos y su comida es deliciosa. Aunque mi abuela es mi persona favorita, mi familia es muy importante en mi vida. ¿Tienes una persona favorita en tu familia?

    1. Look for the bolded word that means “my”: How many different forms does “my” have? What are the nouns after each reference to “my”?
    2. Look for the bolded word that means “our”: how many different forms does “our” have? What are the nouns after each reference to “our”?
    3. From the text above, what are the meanings of the bolded word “su”? How about “tu”?

    Objetivos

    • Recognize possession indicated by possessive adjectives

    Posesión con ser + de

    There are two ways to indicate possession in Spanish. As you may recall, one way is to use the verb ser in the following pattern: object(s) + ser de + person who has the object(s)

    • El libro es de María. (The book is María’s.)5.3: Gramática- Los posesivos (2)
    • El libro de María explica la gramática. (María’s book explains grammar.)
    • Las mochilas son de los muchachos. (The bookbags are the boys’.)
    • La casa es del Sr. Rodríguez. (The house is Mr. Rodríguez’s.)

    Note that the apostrophe+s construction used in English does not exist in Spanish!

    Los adjetivos posesivos

    A more common way to express possession, especially when it is clear to whom something belongs, is to use possessive adjectives:

    singular possessor plural possessor
    mi (my) nuestro (our)
    tu (your) vuestro (your)
    su (his, her, your) su (their, your)

    Remember that in Spanish, and usted both mean “you”. Therefore, the possessive adjective for “your” needs to follow the correct register: Tú – tu/tus; Usted – su/sus.

    Atención a la acentuación (Pay attention to accent marks):

    , with the accent mark, is the subject pronoun referring to the person “you”. Tu, without the accent mark, is the possessive adjective “your”. For example: tienes tu libro. (Youhave your book.)

    The chart above, however, only shows the basic form. Possessive adjectives in Spanish—like all adjectives!—must agree in number with the noun that they modify. In the case of nosotros and vosotros, they also must agree in gender with what is owned:

    • mi libro (my book)
    • mis libros (my books)
    • mi familia (my family)
    • mis familias (my families)
    • nuestro libro (our book)
    • nuestros libros (our books)
    • nuestra familia (our family)
    • nuestras familias (our families)
    • tu libro (your book)
    • tus libros(your books)
    • tu casa (your house)
    • tus casas (your houses)
    • vuestro libro (your book)
    • vuestros libros (your books)
    • vuestra casa (your house)
    • vuestras casas (your houses)
    • su libro (his book, her book, or your book)
    • sus libros (his books, her books, or your books)
    • su casa (his house, her house, or your house)
    • sus casas (his houses, her houses, or your houses)
    • su libro (their book or your book)
    • sus libros (their books or your books)
    • su casa (their house or your house)
    • sus casas (their houses or your houses)

    Remember: The adjective will be singular or plural (and feminine or masculine for nosotros and vosotros) based on the object(s) owned, not the person who owns the object. Choose which possessive to use based on the owner, but the ending you give to the possessive does not have anything to do with the number of people who have the object or the gender of the owner. Note that since the 3rd person possessive adjectives could cause some confusion, the use of ser+de is common in these instances for clarification. Context clues can also be used to clarify to whom an object belongs.

    A Practicar

    Contributors and Attributions

    CC licensed content, Original

    • En contexto: Los posesivos. Authored by: SUNY Oneonta with Lumen Learning. Provided by: SUNY Oneonta. License: CC BY: Attribution
    • Indicar posesiu00f3n. Authored by: Deborah M. Edson. Provided by: Tidewater Community College. License: CC BY: Attribution

    CC licensed content, Shared previously

    • Gramu00e1tica: Los posesivos. Authored by: SUNY Oneonta with Lumen Learning. Provided by: SUNY Oneonta. License: CC BY: Attribution
    5.3: Gramática- Los posesivos (2024)

    FAQs

    What are the 12 possessive adjectives in Spanish? ›

    Unstressed possessive adjectives include mi, tu, su, nuestro/a, vuestro/a, and su. Stressed possessive adjectives include mío/a, tuyo/a, suyo/a, neustro/a, vuestro/a, and suyo/a.

    What are the possessive determiners in Spanish? ›

    This is the list of possessive adjectives in Spanish: mi, mis, tu, tus, su, sus, nuestro/a, nuestros/as, vuestro/a, vuestras/os. In English, these possessive adjectives correspond to: my, your, his, her, its, our, your and their.

    How to use possessive Spanish? ›

    In Spanish there are two ways to show possession: we can use the possessive adjectives and pronouns, or we can use the possessive construction with preposition de. Remember that this construction with de is particularly useful to clarify who su/sus or suyo/suyos refers to, since they don't show gender!

    How to use adjetivos posesivos? ›

    Possessive adjectives in Spanish or “Los adjetivos posesivos” are words that tell us who owns something. They are words like MI (my), TU (yours) and so on, which are always placed before a noun as shown in these two examples: Ellos son mis padres. (they are my parents).

    What are the 20 possessive pronouns in Spanish? ›

    Here are the possessive pronouns of Spanish with simple examples of their use:
    • mío, mía, míos, mías — mine.
    • tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas — yours (singular informal)
    • suyo, suya, suyos, suyas — his, hers, yours (singular formal or plural formal), its, theirs.
    • nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras — ours.
    Jul 15, 2019

    What are the 7 possessive adjectives? ›

    Unlike possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns cannot be placed at the beginning of a sentence. Examples of possessive adjectives include his, her, my, its, your and their. Examples of possessive pronouns include mine, yours, his, hers and theirs.

    What is possessive determiners examples? ›

    What Is a Possessive Determiner? A possessive determiner is a pronoun that is used to express possession or belongingness. It helps the reader know who or what owns the noun that it determines. Possessive determiners include pronouns such as 'my', 'your', 'our', 'his', 'her', 'their' and 'its'.

    What is the possessive form of your in Spanish? ›

    How to Use Possessive Adjectives in Spanish
    English translationMasculineFeminine
    yourtu(s)tu(s)
    his/hers/its/your (formal)su(s)su(s)
    ournuestro(s)nuestra(s)
    your (plural)vuestro(s)vuestra(s)
    2 more rows

    What is an example of a determiner in Spanish? ›

    Examples of Determiners in Spanish: Demonstrative determiners such as 'este' (this) and 'ese' (that), possessive determiners like 'mi' (my), and quantitative determiners such as 'mucho' (many) demonstrate the function of determiners within Spanish sentences.

    How do you use possessive? ›

    We can use possessive 's to talk about the relationship between people or to say who owns something. Possessive 's always comes after a noun or a name. We often use possessive 's or s' when we talk about family and friends.

    Which possessive forms have both number and gender in Spanish? ›

    'Nuestro' and 'nuestra' are the only possessive adjectives in Spanish that aren't genderless, hence they're the only ones that must agree in both gender and number with the noun: 'nuestro' = 'our' (masculine), and 'nuestra' = 'our' (feminine).

    How do you write possessive rules? ›

    English has three main rules to show possession:
    • For singular nouns, and plural nouns that don't end in s, add 's. ...
    • For plural nouns that end in s, add only an apostrophe. ...
    • For singular nouns that end in s, you can choose whether to add only an apostrophe after the original s or add an 's after the original s.

    What is stressed possessive in Spanish? ›

    Stressed possessive adjectives are words that highlight the focus of the noun to the adjective itself. This form of an adjective is used less commonly and is always placed after the noun they describe.

    What is a stressed pronoun in Spanish? ›

    Stressed pronouns are used after prepositions, eg para mí, lo más importante es ... (for me, the most important thing is ...), voy a Francia con ellos (I'm going to France with them).

    When to use mi or mis in Spanish? ›

    Possessive adjectives show who's in possession of something. My is "mi", or "mis" in the plural. Your (singular informal) is "tu" or "tus". "Su" and "sus" can mean his, her, its, their, or your (plural or singular formal).

    When to use mi mis tu tus su sus? ›

    Possessive adjectives show who's in possession of something. My is "mi", or "mis" in the plural. Your (singular informal) is "tu" or "tus". "Su" and "sus" can mean his, her, its, their, or your (plural or singular formal).

    What is the complete list of possessive adjectives? ›

    The most commonly used possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, their, and whose. In order, these adjectives correspond to the pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, they, and who.

    When to use nuestro vs nuestra? ›

    Attention! 'Nuestro' and 'nuestra' are the only possessive adjectives in Spanish that aren't genderless, hence they're the only ones that must agree in both gender and number with the noun: 'nuestro' = 'our' (masculine), and 'nuestra' = 'our' (feminine).

    When to use mio or el mio? ›

    To use mío, tuyo, suyo, etc. as pronouns, all you have to do is add an el, la, los, or las in front. For example, if you want to use “mine” as a noun (as in, “Mine is the best,” or, “You want mine”), you will use el mío, la mía, los míos, or las mías.

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